There’s nothing worse than coming home to a cold house on a winter day. If your furnace is not working, don’t panic! You can easily light it yourself with a few simple steps. However, before you start, make sure that the gas supply to your furnace is turned on. You should also check the pilot light to make sure that it is lit. If the pilot light is not lit, you will need to light it before you can light the furnace. Follow these steps to light your furnace safely and easily.
First, locate the gas control valve on your furnace. This valve is usually located near the bottom of the furnace. Turn the valve to the “on” position. Next, locate the pilot light assembly. The pilot light assembly is usually located near the top of the furnace. Push the reset button on the pilot light assembly. This button will open the gas valve and allow gas to flow to the pilot light. Use a long lighter or match to light the pilot light. Hold the lighter or match near the pilot light and press the ignition button. The pilot light should ignite within a few seconds.
Once the pilot light is lit, turn the thermostat to the “heat” setting. The furnace will now start to heat your home. If the furnace does not start, check the following: Make sure that the gas supply to the furnace is turned on. Make sure that the pilot light is lit. Make sure that the thermostat is set to the “heat” setting. If you have checked all of these things and the furnace still does not start, you may need to call a qualified technician for assistance.
Identifying Different Types of Furnaces
Oil-Fired Furnaces
Oil-fired furnaces use heating oil as their fuel source, which is typically delivered to the home via a fuel tank. These furnaces require an ignition system to ignite the fuel and generate heat. They operate by pumping oil into the combustion chamber, where it mixes with air and is ignited by a spark or a glow plug. The heat generated by combustion is then distributed throughout the home via a blower or heat exchanger.
Advantages:
* Relatively inexpensive to operate compared to electric furnaces
* High efficiency ratings
* Can be used in areas where natural gas is not available
Disadvantages:
* Requires a fuel tank and ongoing fuel deliveries
* Can produce harmful emissions, including carbon monoxide
* May require more frequent maintenance than other types of furnaces
Gas-Fired Furnaces
Gas-fired furnaces use natural gas or propane as their fuel source. These fuels are typically supplied to the home via a gas line. Gas-fired furnaces operate by igniting the gas and air mixture in the combustion chamber, releasing heat that is then distributed throughout the home via a blower or heat exchanger.
Advantages:
* Highly efficient and economical to operate
* Cleaner burning than oil-fired furnaces
* Do not require a fuel tank
* Relatively low maintenance requirements
Disadvantages:
* Requires access to a gas line
* Can be more expensive to install than oil-fired furnaces
Electric Furnaces
Electric furnaces use electricity as their heat source. They operate by passing an electric current through a heating element, which generates heat that is then distributed throughout the home via a blower or heat exchanger.
Advantages:
* No fuel storage or delivery required
* Cleanest and most environmentally friendly option
* Quiet operation
Disadvantages:
* Higher operating costs than gas-fired or oil-fired furnaces
* May not be suitable for areas with frequent power outages
* Can be more expensive to install than other types of furnaces
Safety Precautions Before Lighting
1. Understand the Furnace’s Controls
Familiarize yourself with the thermostat settings and any other switches or buttons that control the furnace. Check if the thermostat is set to “heat” mode and that the desired temperature is higher than the current room temperature.
2. Inspect the Furnace and Flue System
Thoroughly inspect the exterior and interior of the furnace for any signs of damage or blockages. Use a vacuum cleaner to remove any dust or debris that may have accumulated around the burner, blower, and air filter. Check the flue pipe for any obstructions or corrosion, ensuring it is properly connected to the exhaust vent.
3. Ensure Proper Ventilation
Make sure there is adequate ventilation in the room where the furnace is located. Open windows or doors slightly to allow fresh air to circulate, preventing the buildup of carbon monoxide and other harmful gases.
4. Remove Flammable Materials
Clear any combustible objects, such as cleaning supplies, clothing, or furniture, from the vicinity of the furnace. These materials can easily ignite if exposed to heat or sparks.
5. Check the Gas Supply
If your furnace uses natural gas, ensure that the gas supply is properly connected and free of leaks. You can use a soapy water solution to check for leaks by applying it to the gas lines and joints. If bubbles form, it indicates a leak that needs to be repaired by a qualified professional.
Gathering Necessary Equipment and Supplies
Before beginning the furnace lighting process, it is crucial to gather all the necessary equipment and supplies. This includes:
Flashlight
A flashlight is essential for illuminating the furnace area in dimly lit spaces or during power outages. Choose a flashlight with a bright beam and ensure its batteries are fresh.
Screwdriver
A screwdriver is required to open the furnace access panels and adjust settings as needed. Select a screwdriver of the appropriate size and type for the specific furnace model.
Butane Lighter or Long Matches
A butane lighter or long matches are used to ignite the pilot light. Avoid using short matches or disposable lighters, as these may be too small or inefficient for the task.
Gas Pressure Gauge (Optional)
For advanced troubleshooting purposes, a gas pressure gauge can be used to measure the gas pressure entering the furnace. This can help identify potential issues if the furnace fails to light properly.
| Equipment | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Flashlight | Illuminates the furnace area |
| Screwdriver | Opens access panels, adjusts settings |
| Butane Lighter or Long Matches | Ignites the pilot light |
| Gas Pressure Gauge (Optional) | Measures gas pressure |
Locating the Gas Shut-Off Valve
Locating the gas shut-off valve is crucial before attempting to light a furnace. Follow these steps to find it:
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Check Near the Furnace: Look for a yellow or red lever or valve near the base of the furnace, typically on the side or back.
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Search Near the Gas Meter: The shut-off valve may be located outside near the gas meter. Look for a metal or plastic lever attached to a pipe or a yellow or red handle connected to a larger pipe.
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Inspect the Main Gas Line: Locate the main gas line that enters your home. The shut-off valve is usually found where the line enters the house and may be in a basement or utility room.
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Additional Tips:
- Check for a Safety Tag: Some utilities may attach a safety tag to the shut-off valve.
- Use a Flashlight: The valve may be in a dimly lit area, so use a flashlight to illuminate the area.
- Follow the Gas Line: If you cannot find the valve near the furnace or meter, trace the gas line backward from the appliance to locate the shut-off point.
| Type of Valve | Appearance |
|---|---|
| Quarter-Turn Valve | Small handle that turns 90 degrees (perpendicular or parallel to the pipe) to open or close. |
| Gate Valve | Handle that moves straight up and down to open or close. When open, the handle is aligned with the pipe. |
| Ball Valve | Handle that has a larger, round knob or lever. When open, the handle is perpendicular to the pipe. |
Inspecting Gas Lines and Connections
Before lighting your furnace, it’s crucial to ensure the integrity and safety of your gas lines and connections. Follow these steps for a thorough inspection:
1. Shut Off Gas Supply
Locate your gas shut-off valve and turn it off completely. Usually, this valve is near the gas meter or outside the house.
2. Check Gas Line Visible Sections
Inspect the exposed sections of gas lines for any visible signs of corrosion, leaks, or damage. Look for bends, cracks, or loose fittings.
3. Examine Connections
Thoroughly check all gas connections, including those at the furnace, gas valve, and appliances. Ensure that all fittings are tight and secure, with no loose or disconnected parts.
4. Test for Leaks Using a Solution
Create a soap solution by mixing 1 tablespoon of liquid soap per 1 cup of water. Apply the solution to all gas connections using a brush or sponge. If bubbles form, it indicates a leak.
5. Additional Precautions for Leak Detection
For a more comprehensive leak detection, consider the following additional measures:
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Gas Leak Detector | Electronic devices that detect gas leaks and emit an alarm. |
| Infrared Imager | Professional-grade cameras that visualize gas leaks by detecting temperature differences. |
| Hydrostatic Pressure Test | Involves applying pressure to the gas line to identify leaks and weak points. |
Turning On and Shutting Off the Pilot Light
Igniting the Pilot Light:
1. Locate the gas control valve and turn it to the “Pilot” setting.
2. Press and hold the pilot button down for about 30 seconds.
3. While holding the button down, light a match and bring it to the pilot burner.
4. Ignite the pilot light and continue holding the button for another 30 seconds.
5. Release the button and observe the pilot light. It should remain lit steadily.
Shutting Off the Pilot Light:
1. Turn the gas control valve to the “Off” setting.
2. Wait a few minutes for the pilot burner to cool down.
3. Press and hold the pilot button down for a few seconds to release any remaining gas.
4. Release the button and ensure that the pilot light is completely extinguished.
Igniting the Main Burner
The process of igniting the main burner in a furnace involves several steps to ensure safe and efficient operation. Follow these detailed instructions to successfully ignite the main burner:
Step 1: Confirm Gas Flow
Prior to ignition, ensure the gas supply is open and the gas valve on the furnace is turned on. Check for any leaks or obstructions in the gas lines leading to the furnace.
Step 2: Locate the Pilot Light and Igniter
Identify the pilot light, which is usually a small flame near the base of the burner. Locate the igniter, an electronic device that produces a spark to ignite the pilot light.
Step 3: Reset the Gas Valve
Locate the gas valve and press the reset button. This will allow gas to flow to the pilot light.
Step 4: Ignite the Pilot Light
Use the igniter to create a spark near the pilot light. If the pilot light does not ignite, repeat steps 1-3 and ensure there are no blockages in the gas line or pilot light assembly.
Step 5: Hold the Pilot Light Ignition Button
Keep the ignition button pressed for 30-60 seconds after the pilot light ignites. This allows the safety thermocouple to heat up and keep the gas valve open.
Step 6: Check for the Main Burner Flame
Within 60 seconds after releasing the ignition button, the main burner flame should ignite. Inspect the flame through the furnace’s viewing window; it should be blue and stable.
Step 7: Adjust the Main Burner Flame
The main burner flame can be adjusted using the air shutter or air damper on the furnace. Refer to the furnace manual for specific instructions on optimal flame adjustment. If the flame is too large or yellow, it indicates improper combustion and requires adjustment.
| Flame Appearance | Problem | Action to Take |
|---|---|---|
| Blue flame with no flickering | Normal | No action required |
| Yellow flame with orange tips | Incomplete combustion | Adjust air shutter or air damper to increase airflow |
| Orange or red flame | Improper gas mixture | Contact a qualified technician |
| Flame unstable or flickering | Airflow interference | Check for blockages in the air intake or exhaust system |
Maintaining Furnace Efficiency
Regular maintenance is crucial for keeping your furnace operating efficiently. Here are some tips to help you maintain its efficiency:
1. Change the Filter Regularly
Replace the air filter every 1-3 months, especially during the winter season. A dirty filter obstructs airflow, forcing the furnace to work harder and consume more energy.
2. Clean the Blower Motor
The blower motor distributes heated air throughout your home. Vacuuming the motor and its housing regularly removes dust and debris, improving air circulation and efficiency.
3. Inspect the Heat Exchanger
The heat exchanger is a vital component that transfers heat from the flames to the air. A clogged heat exchanger reduces heat transfer efficiency. Schedule regular inspections to ensure it is clean and functioning properly.
4. Check the Ignition System
A faulty ignition system can lead to inefficient combustion or even failure to ignite. Test the igniter annually to ensure a quick and reliable ignition, minimizing energy waste during start-ups.
5. Calibrate the Thermostat
An inaccurate thermostat can cause the furnace to overheat or underheat your home, increasing energy consumption. Have the thermostat professionally calibrated every few years.
6. Seal Air Leaks
Air leaks around the furnace, ducts, and windows can allow heated air to escape. Inspect these areas and seal any gaps with caulk, weatherstripping, or insulation.
7. Reduce Ductwork Resistance
Obstructed or leaky ductwork hinders airflow and reduces heating efficiency. Have your ducts inspected and cleaned regularly, and consider upgrading to high-efficiency ducts if necessary.
8. Use a Programmable Thermostat
A programmable thermostat allows you to set specific temperatures for different times of day. This can help optimize heating schedules, reducing energy consumption when you are away or sleeping.
9. Consider a High-Efficiency Furnace
If your furnace is old or inefficient, consider upgrading to a higher-efficiency model. These furnaces operate at up to 98% efficiency, significantly reducing energy consumption and lowering your heating bills. The following table compares the efficiency ratings of different furnace types:
| Furnace Type | Efficiency Rating |
|---|---|
| Conventional Furnace | 78%-83% |
| High-Efficiency Furnace | 85%-90% |
| Ultra-High-Efficiency Furnace | 95%-98% |
Troubleshooting
If your furnace is not working, there are a few things you can check before calling a professional. First, check the power supply to the furnace. Make sure that the circuit breaker or fuse is not tripped or blown. If the power supply is OK, then check the thermostat. Make sure that the thermostat is set to “heat” and that the desired temperature is set higher than the current room temperature. If the thermostat is set correctly, then check the furnace filter. A dirty filter can restrict airflow and cause the furnace to overheat. If the filter is dirty, replace it with a new one.
Troubleshooting Tips
Here are some additional troubleshooting tips:
- Check the pilot light. The pilot light is a small flame that ignites the gas in the furnace. If the pilot light is out, relight it according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Check the gas supply. Make sure that the gas valve is open and that there is no blockage in the gas line.
- Check the blower motor. The blower motor circulates the air through the furnace and into the home. If the blower motor is not working, the furnace will not be able to heat the home.
- Check the condensate drain. The condensate drain removes water from the furnace. If the condensate drain is clogged, water can back up into the furnace and cause it to shut down.
- Check the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is the part of the furnace that transfers heat from the gas flame to the air. If the heat exchanger is cracked or damaged, it can cause the furnace to overheat and shut down.
- Check the electrical connections. Loose or damaged electrical connections can cause the furnace to malfunction.
- Check the flame sensor. The flame sensor detects the presence of a flame in the furnace. If the flame sensor is dirty or damaged, it can cause the furnace to shut down.
- Check the limit switch. The limit switch prevents the furnace from overheating. If the limit switch is tripped, reset it according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
- Check the circuit board. The circuit board is the brain of the furnace. If the circuit board is damaged, it can cause the furnace to malfunction.
- If you have checked all of the above and the furnace is still not working, call a qualified HVAC technician for assistance.
How To Light Furnace
To light a furnace, you will need to follow these steps:
- Turn off the gas supply to the furnace.
- Remove the front panel of the furnace.
- Locate the pilot light assembly.
- Push the reset button on the pilot light assembly.
- Hold a lit match or lighter to the pilot light.
- Once the pilot light is lit, release the reset button.
- Replace the front panel of the furnace.
- Turn on the gas supply to the furnace.
- Set the thermostat to the desired temperature.
People Also Ask
How do I know if my furnace is lit?
You can tell if your furnace is lit by looking at the pilot light. If the pilot light is lit, you will see a small blue flame.
What should I do if my furnace won’t light?
If your furnace won’t light, you should check the following:
- The gas supply to the furnace is turned on.
- The pilot light is lit.
- The thermostat is set to the desired temperature.
How often should I have my furnace serviced?
You should have your furnace serviced once a year by a qualified technician.
